Вопрос пользователя:
Put the parts of the abstract in the right order:
1. Background 2. Problem 3. Aim 4. Methods 5. Results 6. Implications
A. To codify construction practice, this paper combines the limited literature with
field interviews of practitioners still laying asphalt by hand.
B. The manufacture of asphalt, and haulage to site for both plant and labour intensive
construction is proposed to be by plant for reasons of speed and volume. On site,
labour intensive construction is codified for site preparation, priming/tacking of the
basecourse, stockpiling of the asphalt, spreading and laying the asphalt, and
screeding. Emphasis is placed on the supervision of the work force to obtain
the quality and finish* expected of an asphalt wearing course. The equipment used by
labour is identified, and recommendations made on the effective use of hand tools
with asphalt. Designs for the screed plank and screed rails are discussed. It is shown
that compaction of the asphalt is necessary by plant based techniques. It is evident
that asphalt surfaces can be built satisfactorily by labour intensive construction.
C. Research is continuing into the design of labour-friendly mixes with good
performance.
D. The surfacing of roads with asphalt is common on high traffic roads and/or high
strength pavements, and is done using plant intensive construction. The historic
laying of asphalt by hand has been superseded by plant as quality standards for
asphalt surfacings have changed with increasing vehicle loading and speed. Now the
use of asphalt in labour intensive construction is limited to small quantities for field
maintenance.
E. To introduce asphalt as a material for labour intensive construction of high
quality road surfacings, the appropriate technology practice and design must be
developed.
F. But recent research into the road surfacing/tyre interface has indicated an
increased role for asphalt as a surfacing on light construction/low traffic roads.